One deference to these matching methods is to use a slower hashing method. Another tactic to matching hashes is using rainbow tables, which takes a more grouped approach on randomly generating passwords. In plain terms, this is where a file/database is previously constructed containing possible passwords that are better guesses than generating every possible password. While today this is not very practical due to the search space for most passwords, a smaller subset approach can be taken called a dictionary attack. If an attacker has gotten hold of password hashes that were hashed with something like SHA-256, they could try to generate every password possible and hash these to find a match for the password hashes this is called brute-forcing. Unfortunately, hashing algorithms like SHA-256 are very quick to compute, meaning many combinations of strings can be calculated at a high speed to try and match a particular hash. This is good because it keeps the password hidden and allows for simple verification by hashing a password provided by the user and comparing it to the stored hash of the actual password. Secure Hash Algorithms are one-way functions, that is, once plaintext is hashed, we cannot get the plaintext from the hash. Why Not Use SHA-256 or Something Similar? It is recommended to use a salt when hashing and store the salt with the hashed password. If an attacker finds a database of plaintext passwords, they can easily be used in combination with matching emails to login to the associated site/account and even used to attempt to log into other accounts since a lot of people use the same password.Ī common method used today is to hash passwords when a password is provided. Whenever verifying a user or something similar with a password, you must never store the password in plaintext. Why Not Use SHA-256 or Something Similar?.
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